Atomic vs traditional distros

Traditional distros

You install and update individual packages directly on the system. This is how distros such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and regular Fedora work.

Examples

Choose this if…

You want to install system software and change things directly, with plenty of familiar guides to follow.

Pros

• Straightforward access to system packages
• Easy to add tools and customise the system
• Can use Flatpak apps too

Cons

• Changes to system packages can affect other software
• Going back after a problem may need extra setup or troubleshooting

Atomic and immutable distros

These distros keep the core system separate from most of your apps. You can still install apps, change settings, and save your files normally.

Immutable means core system files are protected from direct changes. Atomic means a system update is applied as a complete change, rather than leaving part of it updated. You’ll often see both words used for the same distro, but they describe different things.

On desktops such as Bazzite and Fedora Silverblue, system updates are prepared separately and take effect after a restart. You can usually return to the previous system version if an update causes trouble.

Examples

Choose this if…

You want a ready-made system with a way back after updates, and you’re happy to use its recommended tools for installing software.

Pros

• Core system files are harder to change accidentally
• System updates apply together
• Usually includes a way to return to the previous system version

Cons

• Adding system tools or drivers can work differently
• Many desktop apps are installed through Flatpak
• Instructions for traditional distros may not apply

Returning to an older system version doesn’t restore your personal files. Keep backups of anything important.

This is separate from fixed and rolling releases: a distro can use either release cycle with either approach.